AP Sees 123 Human Trafficking Cases, Conviction Rate Only 2.3%
Andhra Pradesh recorded 123 cases of human trafficking under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) in 2023, down from 163 in 2022. Yet, the state’s conviction rate remains just 2.3 percent, according to the latest National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) data released on September 30 and analysed by HELP, an anti-trafficking organisation.
The state ranked fifth nationally for total trafficking victims last year and was placed fourth in 2022 for victims trafficked for sexual exploitation. In 2023, authorities identified 209 victims in Andhra Pradesh, including 201 women and eight men. Of these, 192 were adult women and 17 were children below 18. Police rescued 201 victims, but most continue to face uncertain futures.
Sexual exploitation accounted for the majority of cases (149 victims), followed by forced labour (42), forced marriage (5), domestic servitude (3) and begging (2).
Despite 623 arrests, only 435 individuals were charge-sheeted. Of the 182 cases that reached trial, courts convicted just four accused, while 494 were acquitted or discharged.
Experts attribute the low conviction rate to systemic weaknesses. “Investigations often rely heavily on victim testimonies without sufficient corroborative evidence. Survivors face intimidation, lack of witness protection, and social stigma, leading many to turn hostile,” said a HELP representative.
Lawyers handling such cases highlight the delays in trials. “By the time hearings take place, victims may have relocated, withdrawn, or been pressured into silence. These delays work to the traffickers’ advantage,” said a Visakhapatnam-based lawyer.
Police officials point to structural challenges. “Trafficking cases often span multiple states and involve organised networks. Unless investigators receive specialised training and prosecutors are better coordinated, conviction rates will stay low,” a senior officer said on condition of anonymity.
Activists stress that justice extends beyond convictions. “Many women are rescued but then left without economic or psychological support. Without long-term rehabilitation, the cycle of exploitation continues,” the HELP spokesperson said.
The data indicate that while Andhra Pradesh is improving in identifying and rescuing victims, its criminal justice system struggles to convert arrests into convictions. Without stronger investigations, effective prosecution, and sustained support for survivors, trafficking networks are likely to continue operating with impunity.